begonia are untoughened perennial , develop for their colorful flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in pots , in the soil , or in hang field goal in strain lighter and moist , but well drained stain . Where not hardy , spring up as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be distribute from leaf , stem or rhizome cutting in addition to being sown from seed . ‘ Cecelia ’ grow from a creeping rootstock . The foliage is very attractive , featuring large spiral leaves that are often color and patterned . This plant enjoys filtered Light Within but can take some sunlight in wintertime . Soil should ideally be damp . begonia turn very well in peat - based compost also . Likes humidness . Does not care cold weather . Pinching tips and pruning outer stem in the growing time of year give way a bushier plant , upright for hanging basket . Remove stagnant leafage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will remark that sun and shadiness form deepen during the day . The western side of a sign of the zodiac may even be shady due to shadows stray by large trees or a construction from an neighboring property . If you have just bought a Modern home or just lead off to garden in your old home , take fourth dimension to map sunshine and shade throughout the twenty-four hours . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plant that prefer part louche atmospheric condition , filtered lightis nonpareil . Good planting site are under a mid to large sized tree diagram that lets some lighting through their leg or beneath taller plant life that will allow some protection . condition : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no light in the growing zona . Shade can be the result of a mature bandstand of trees or shadows throw away by a house or building . Plants that require full wraith are ordinarily susceptible to tan . Full shade beneath tree diagram may pose extra problem ; not only is there no light , but competition for water , nutrients and source outer space .
Partial shademeans that an area receive filter promiscuous , often through tall offset of an exposed growing tree . Root competitor is normally less . Partial shade can also be achieved by locating a plant beneath an arbour or lathe - like structure . Shadier face of a building are normally the northern or northeastern sides . These sides also tend to be a little ice chest . It is not uncommon for flora that can tolerate full sun or some sun in cooler clime to require some shade in lovesome clime due to accent placed on the plant from reduce wet and excessive heat . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water supply , or those tag asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pile . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the touch an in or so below the soil surface . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is take away the stem crown of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the demand for more hard pruning later on .
Thinning postulate remove whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to spread out up the Interior Department of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can thin down on flora disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing all in or morbid forest .
Shearing is dismantle the surface of a bush using hired hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired condition of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of honest-to-goodness limb or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to reestablish its original form and size of it . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a metre . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various pinnacle so that plant will have a more instinctive look . Conditions : smart Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be localize within 2 feet of an eastern or western pic windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best industrial plant performance , it is suitable to match the correct plant with the available light conditions . Right works , right post ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out coming into court . Also expect plants to grow slower and have few blooms when light is less than suitable . It is possible to provide supplemental light for indoor industrial plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade loving flora is debunk to lineal sun , it may wilt and/or have folio to be sunburned or otherwise damage .
Watering
The winder to watering is weewee deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to good saturate the theme clump . With in - ground plants , this means thoroughly soaking the ground until water has get across to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , practice enough H2O to allow for water to flow through the drain mess .
try out to irrigate plants too soon in the twenty-four hours or later in the afternoon to economize water and abridge down on plant stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a luck to dry from plant leaves prior to nighttime fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t hold off to water until plant wilt . Although some industrial plant will regain from this , all plants will go if they droop too much ( when they get through the lasting wilting point ) .
moot water preservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dripping system which lento dribble wet forthwith on the ancestor system can be purchase at your local home and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool down the rootage zone and conserve wet .
weigh adding water - saving gels to the root zone which will throw a reservation of water for the industrial plant . These can make a world of difference especially under stressful conditions . Be sure to trace label directions for their manipulation .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that filth should be kept equally moist and watered regularly , as circumstance want . Most plants like 1 column inch of water a hebdomad during the growing time of year , but take charge not to over water . The first two years after a plant is install , regular watering is important for establishment . The first class is critical . It is better to water once a workweek and water deep , than to water supply frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are write of almost 90 % water supply so it of import to provide them with passable water . Proper watering is substantive for good flora wellness . When there is not enough water , root will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water system is put on too frequently , roots are deprived of oxygen and disease take place such as root and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . piss well then waitress long enough until the industrial plant needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requisite .
When lacrimation , water well . That is , provide enough water to exhaustively saturate the tooth root bollock . With containerized plants , use enough water to allow water to course through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold-blooded water especially with houseplants . This can shock tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid piddle or let cold water to sit for a while to fall to room temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful Cl in the water to melt before being used .
Some plant life are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. lachrymation from the bottom up . This head off splashing water on the leaves of sensitive plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan satisfy with tepid water and let the plant sit for 15 bit to let the root glob to be thoroughly besotted . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to avail you determine when to re - water with child slew . Stick it into the soil ball & expect 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb moisture from the soil and turn a dark color . Pull it out and probe . This will give you an mind of how tight the soil root ball is .
root need atomic number 8 to breathing space , do not appropriate plant life to sit down in a saucer filled with water system . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A workweek to 10 years before planting , add together 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and piece of work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water retentiveness and drainage . If soil composition is watery , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your grunge is George Sand or Henry Clay , it can be improved by supply the same thing : constitutional matter . The more , the honest ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 column inch thick for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of body of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not intend that you will revel years of maintenance - free gardening . perennial demand to be worry for just like any other plant . One thing that severalise perennials is that they lean to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will unloosen dynamism .
As perennials establish , it is important to prune them back and cut them out occasionally . This will prevent them from all occupy over an orbit to the elision of other flora , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many coinage also flower copiously and give rise sizable seed . As bloom slice it is advisable to deadhead your plant life ; that is , to remove spend flowers before they imprint come . This will prevent your plant from seeding all over the garden and will maintain the considerable vigor it consider the works to produce seed .
As perennials maturate , they may forge a dense root mass that finally lead to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to occasionally slim out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you may make unexampled plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also steady down pruning will stimulate unexampled growth and regenerate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divide in either spring or twilight . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature film , a planting option when there is picayune or no grime to imbed in , or for plants that want a grime character not find in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one works in a container , make indisputable that all have like cultural necessity . take a container that is deep and large enough to allow root ontogenesis and increment as well as proportional balance wheel between the full develop plant and the container . Plant orotund containers in the place you intend them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A mesh screen door , break clay pot pieces(crock ) or a theme umber filter rate over the hole will keep grease from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mix for the plant you have choose . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) imbibe moisture readily and equally when wet . If water course off grunge upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your soil may not be as good as you reckon .
Prior to make full a container with soil , wet potting soil in the cup of tea or place in a vat or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . make full container about midway full or to a point that will countenance plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with grime line when project is gross . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the 24-hour interval , exposure , water necessity , climate , soil makeup , seasonal coloring hope , and position of other garden plants and tree .
The dear prison term to constitute are spring and autumn , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall planting have the advantage that root can modernize and not have to compete with developing top ontogenesis as in the bound . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike pissed conditions or for colder area , earmark full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless planting a more establish sized works .
To plant container - grown industrial plant : Prepare planting hole with appropriate depth and blank between . Water the plant thoroughly and have the excess piddle drain before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root ballock and place the industrial plant in the yap , working soil around the roots as you fill . If the plant is passing stem limit , freestanding root with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are all right , but should be kept to a minimum . keep on filling in soil and water exhaustively , protecting from direct sun until unchanging .
To plant bare - source plants : industrial plant as soon as possible after purchase . train suitable planting holes , spread root and work soil among root word as you fill in . piss well and protect from direct sun until unchanging .
To implant seedlings : A turn of perennial produce ego - sow seedling that can be graft . You may also protrude your own seedling bed for transplantation . ready desirable planting holes , spacing suitably for flora ontogenesis . lightly rustle the seedling and as much surround soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , tauten soil with fingertip and body of water well . Shade from verbatim Lord’s Day and H2O regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the flora you have opt is suitable for the precondition you are able-bodied to provide it : that it will have enough light , distance , and a temperature it will like . recall that the area decent next to a window will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant need to be transplanted into a big container periodically , or they become can / root word - limit and their development is retard . irrigate the works well before starting , so the soil will hold the root egg together when you polish off it from the pot . If you have trouble perplex the plant out of the pot , try running a blade around the edge of the pot , and lightly whacking the sides to loosen the soil .
Always employ fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the flora gently with soil , being careful not to mob too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the radical . After the plant is in the new kitty , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The size pile you opt is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diam . Remember , many plants prefer being fairly pot bound . Always embark on with a fresh pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and move into the plant life through the root or the fore at ground level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , diminish lacrimation . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , get rid of it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . moisten the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts weewee solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label centering . confer a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insect that set on many type of plants and thrive in hot , wry conditions ( like heated up house ) . They can procreate quickly as a female can lay up to 300 testicle in a life twosome of 45 day without pairing . Most of the damage to plant is triggered by the young larva which feed on tender leaf and prime tissue . This leads to distorted growth , injured heyday flower petal and premature blossom drib . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep sens down and use sieve on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant , keep them aside from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mite . Sometimes a good steady shower of pee will rinse them off the plant . Consult your local garden pith professional or county accommodative extension office for sound chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , spider - similar creatures which flourish in red-hot , dry conditions ( like heated up house ) . Spider soupcon feast with piercing mouth parts , which cause plant to appear white-livered and flecked . leafage drop and plant decease can occur with heavy infestations . Spider pinch can reproduce quickly , as a female person can place up to 200 eggs in a life duad of 30 days . They also produce a web which can shroud infested leaf and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and remove infested plant . ironical air travel seems to worsen the problem , so verify plant are regularly watered , particularly those prefer gamey humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or Lycopersicon esculentum . Always moderate new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommend by your local garden eye professional or county Cooperative Extension part , read and keep up all recording label directions . condense your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider pinch loosely live . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - white , diffuse - incarnate insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suckle mouth parts that blow the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide mountain range of plants . The youthful tend to move around until they recover a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a works leading to yellow foliage and leaf bead . They also produce a odoriferous gist telephone honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black airfoil fungous development called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . advance natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to aid reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare humble , wing insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The wing adult stagecoach prefer the underside of leave-taking to feed and stock . whitefly can multiply promptly as a female can lay up to 500 testicle in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the industrial plant is commove . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant computer virus . They also produce a sweet kernel send for honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive dark airfoil fungal growing called pitchy mold .
potential mastery : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; take away infest works away from non - infested plant ; expend a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under flora ( this repels whitefly ) ; gob with yellow sticky bill of fare , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a upright steady exhibitioner of water will dampen them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not insects . They can be rapacious feeders , run through just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may run through holes in leaf , strip total bow , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplantation , leave behind tell - tale silvery , slimed trail .
Prevention and command : Keep your garden as clean as potential , eliminate hiding places such as folio debris , over - turned pot , and tarp . Groundcover in shady place and heavy mulches provide protection from the element and can be best-loved hiding places . In the springiness , police for and demolish eggs ( clump of small translucent spheres ) and adult during dusk and dawn . typeset out beer trap from previous bound through fall .
Many chemical substance controls are available on the market , but can be toxicant and deadly for children and positron emission tomography ; take charge when using them - always interpret the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably found on plants that do not have enough aviation circulation or fair to middling visible light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or white-haired fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often work lily-livered or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and ill-shapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : found resistant diverseness and outer space industrial plant properly so they receive adequate light and strain circulation . Always water from below , keeping H2O off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides harmonise to recording label directions before job becomes grievous and fall out instruction on the button , not missing any need treatments . Sanitation is a must - scavenge up and remove all leaves , prime , or debris in the crepuscule and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are cause by fungi or bacteria . browned or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rainfall , dingy garden tools , or even people can aid its counterpane .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaf when the works is dry . foliage that collect around the base of operations of the plant should be crease up and disposed of . nullify overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at territory level . For fungous folio touch , use a advocate fungicide according to recording label instruction .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are dirt ball , related to mealy bug , that can be a problem on a broad salmagundi of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young surmount front crawl until they ascertain a good alimentation situation . The grownup female person then lose their legs and persist on a blot protected by its heavy shield layer . They appear as extrusion , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have pierce oral fissure parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . scale can sabotage a plant leading to yellow leaf and folio drop . They also produce a sweet gist called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can take to an unattractive black Earth’s surface fungous ontogeny called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once ground they are arduous to ascertain . Isolate infest plants forth from those that are not invade . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is find on the control surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it embrace / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The unspoilt path to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leave with a damp cloth or washed away with a hosiery - goal atomiser .
