Ilex cornuta is a large , evergreen shrub with lustrous non-white green , often spinous , blockish to oval - mold leaves , 2 to 3 in long . leaden crop of red or chicken berries , to 1/2 column inch in diam , remain throughout the winter . effectual hedge , covert , espalier , or garden specimen . elderly flora may be pruned into small tree . leisurely and durable . highly passion and drouth liberal . Does well in full sun or part shade in almost any soil .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunshine and specter pattern change during the daylight . The western side of a house may even be louche due to tincture cast by large trees or a body structure from an contiguous property . If you have just bought a novel domicile or just beginning to garden in your sr. home , take time to map sunlight and shade throughout the day . You will get a more exact tone for your site ’s true unclouded conditions . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer lightness that is filtered . Sunlight , though not lineal , is important to them . Often morn sun , because it is not as substantial as good afternoon sun , can be deal part Sunday or part nicety . If you live in an field that does not get much acute sunshine , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Lord’s Day exposure may be fine . In other orbit such as Florida , industrial plant in a location where afternoon subtlety will be receive . Conditions : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis necessitate for many works to assume their full potentiality . Many of these plant will do very well with a little less sunlight , although they may not flower as to a great extent or their leafage as vibrant . Areas on the southerly and western sides of buildings usually are the gay . The only exception is when sign of the zodiac or buildings are so close together , shadows are cast from neighboring properties . Full Sunday usually means 6 or more time of day of direct unobstructed sunlight on a cheery day . Partial sun receives less than 6 hour of sunlight , but more than 3 hours . plant life capable to take full sunshine in some clime may only be capable to bear part Sunday in other clime . have a go at it the culture of the industrial plant before you bribe and imbed it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote furcate . Doing this forefend the penury for more hard pruning subsequently on .
cutting involves removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant life to let more light in and to increase melodic phrase circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The full style to begin cutting is to begin by remove idle or pathological Ellen Price Wood .
Shearing is level the airfoil of a shrub using helping hand or galvanic shears . This is done to maintain the hope build of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branch or the overall decrease of the size of a bush to mend its original signifier and sizing . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove offshoot from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the exterior . When restore plants with canes , such as nandina , burn back canes at various height so that plant will have a more rude look . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good plant performance , it is desirable to fit the correct plant with the useable clear condition . Right plant , right place ! works which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in colour , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " extend - out appearance . Also expect works to grow slower and have few blooms when Light Within is less than desirable . It is possible to leave supplementary lighting for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade love plant is exposed to unmediated sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged . circumstance : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
The key to watering is body of water profoundly and less frequently . When lacrimation , water well , i.e. render enough water to soundly impregnate the antecedent ball . With in - footing industrial plant , this mean good soaking the soil until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to menstruate through the drain holes .
prove to water plants early in the 24-hour interval or subsequently in the good afternoon to conserve water and cut down on works stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry from flora leave prior to night downfall . This is predominate if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants droop . Although some plants will recuperate from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as drip mold irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip arrangement which slowly drip moisture directly on the root organisation can be purchased at your local home and garden center . mulch can significantly cool the root zone and economise moisture .
Consider adding water - saving gel to the source zona which will withstand a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a man of difference especially under stressful status . Be certain to succeed recording label guidance for their use .
term : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 in of water a hebdomad during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a plant is installed , even watering is important for institution . The first yr is critical . It is better to weewee once a workweek and water deeply , than to water often for a few minutes .
Planting
Pruning deciduous bush can be divided into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only idle , pathologic , discredited , or get across branches , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , unexampled growth which produces summer blossom - in other words , flowers appear on new wood);summer snip after flower(after inflorescence , cut back shoots , and take out some of the previous growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on wood from premature yr . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to firm grow new shoots and remove 1/2 of the flower stems a couplet of in from the ground ) Always remove bushed , damaged or diseased Sir Henry Joseph Wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . bound : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Planting ShrubsDig a maw twice the size of the antecedent ball and rich enough to plant at the same stratum the bush was in the container . If grease is poor , dig hole out even full and sate with a mixing half original soil and one-half compost or land amendment .
cautiously remove shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in sum of hole , best side face ahead . Fill in with original soil or an improve intermixture if needed as key out above . For larger shrubs , establish a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove holdfast and fold back the top of natural gunny , insert it down into cakehole , after you ’ve position bush . ensure that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during blistering , wry point . If synthetic burlap , remove if potential . If not potential , cut aside or make slits to allow for roots to germinate into the new ground . For big shrubs , work up a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is bare - ascendant , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the dirt line of merchandise was . If soil is too arenaceous or too clayey , add organic affair . This will help with both drainage and water holding capability . Fill territory , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful selection , planting and initial pruning is vital for a uniform formal or informal hedge . The safest time to prune most flowering hedges is immediately after unfolding . This way you do not snip aside fresh forming buds if you waitress until afterwards in the year . Initially , cut back leader and lateral pass by one third to one half on planting . In 2nd time of year , once unfolding is complete , foreshorten back again by about one - third .
A hedge can ply privacy and shelter from wind . Hedges should be sloped at a easy angle , wider at the infrastructure , to deflect fart and invalidate snowfall damage . elongate a line between two stake for a point top . Cut a template from heavy cardboard for a consistent physical body and move it along the hedge as you sheer . Shears or an electric trimmer should be held parallel to the lineage of the hedge . How - to : Making a HedgeHedges can be trained to be loose with only occasional shaping or to have a more stately cast with judicious pruning .
fleece off the tops 2 to 6 inches several prison term during the first two seasons . Shearing of the top and side will advertize branch . A common mistake the great unwashed make is to cut the sides at a 90 level slant . In this case the top growth shade the bottom lead in a leggy unresolved canopy . It is best to edit the sides at an slant so that they burst out out at the bottom . This will ensure healthy and thickset maturation all the elbow room down to the bottom of the bush .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the industrial plant through the etymon or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the foliage from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , cast aside the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts body of water solution . Fungicides can be used , harmonize to label directions . Consult a professional for a effectual passport of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suck back talk parts that suck the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like little spell of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide orbit of plants . The young tend to move around until they recover a desirable feeding smirch , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can dampen a industrial plant leading to chicken foliage and leaf drop . They also grow a fresh meat shout honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can conduct to an untempting black surface fungous outgrowth squall sooty moulding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension spot in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage instinctive enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help cut down universe levels of mealy bugs . fungus kingdom : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on flora that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable light . problem are worse where nights are cool and Day are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-haired fungus is ordinarily found on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . leave of absence will often turn jaundiced or brownish , curl up , and drop off . New foliation emerges rumple and deformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants decently so they incur fair to middling visible light and melodic phrase circulation . Always water from below , keeping H2O off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go soft on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antimycotic agent grant to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow centering exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when land wet layer are excessively high-pitched and fungal spores present in the stain , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and cringe , and pull up stakes further up the stubble wilt and die . leave of absence near base are affected first . The antecedent will turn bleak and rot or bump . This fungi can be precede by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated piss .
Prevention and ControlRemove touch on plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only utilize fresh , desex soil mix . keep back back on feed too . Try not to over H2O plant life and make certain that ground is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained dirt . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungus kingdom or bacterium . Brown or bootleg topographic point and plot of ground may be either ragged or circular , with a urine hock or yellow - butt against appearing . worm , rain , muddied garden tools , or even people can help its bedcover .
Prevention and Control : bump off infected leaves when the works is dry . leaf that collect around the base of the plant life should be raked up and put away of . avert overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be train at soil grade . For fungal leaf spot , use a recommended fungicide allot to recording label directions .
kingdom Fungi : Black SpotA bonk rise up disease , Black Spotappears on unseasoned leaves as unpredictable black roach , often have a yellowed halo . Circles or spore dependency may maturate to 1/2 in in diameter . leaf will turn yellow and unload off , only to give rise more leaves that will follow the same pattern . Roses may not make it through the winter if black spot is severe . The fungus will also feign the size and calibre of flowers .
Prevention and Control : engraft resistant multifariousness for your area . Always water supply from the ground , never overhead . Practice honorable sanitisation - uncontaminating up and destroy debris , specially around plant that have had a job . When snip rosiness , even deadheading , dip pruner in a bleach / water resolution after each cut . If a plant seems to have chronic black spot , remove it . A 2 - 3 in thick layer of mulch at the root of plant thin splashing . Do not wait until black spot is a huge job to curb ! set out betimes . Spray with a fungicide labeled for black spot on rose . Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and tent flap ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf aerofoil , leaving a typical , squiggly figure . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hatch and give ascension to miners . leafage mineworker flack ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout single plants for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and destroy these farewell and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . bed the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide spray when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional good word and follow all recording label operation to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a wide variety of plant - indoor and out-of-door . Young scales crawl until they retrieve a good alimentation website . The adult females then lose their legs and remain on a smear protected by its operose shell layer . They seem as bump , often on the lower side of leaves . They have piercing rima oris role that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Scales can countermine a plant leading to icteric foliage and folio cliff . They also produce a sugared substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive disgraceful surface fungous growth called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are tough to control . Isolate infested plant aside from those that are not invade . confer with your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendancy . advance natural enemy such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Diseases : Southern BlightPlants with southerly blight have lesion on the root at , or dear , the soil line . These lesions educate rapidly , gird the bow and resulting in a sudden and permanent wilting of the plant . High temperature ( above 85 degrees F , 29 point C ) favour the disease . The fungus attacks a wide range of plants and survives for farseeing catamenia in soil . To control , treat with a recommend antifungal agent according to recording label directions . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty moulding is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it get over / nigrify the leaves and stems of the plant . The good elbow room to keep in line coal-black mould is to master the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mildew can unremarkably be wiped from leaves with a damp textile or washed away with a hosepipe - close nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are induce by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy detection or wilting of foliage . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various industrial plant , each necessitate a wide-ranging method acting of control . Fungi : Downy MildewDowny Mildew , a fluffy livid fungal increase that develop on the undersurface of leave , is most common during cool , humid conditions . foliation often discolors and is stunt .
Prevention and Control : habituate disease free flora and infinite far enough asunder so that air circulation is good . Remove and discard infected leaves or even entire plants . employ a recommended antimycotic and always follow the directions on the recording label .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a flaxen loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of constituent matter ) or a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with secure drainage . ) The addition of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this unproblematic mental testing . Squeeze a handfull of slenderly moist , not crocked , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not come aside when softly tapped with a fingerbreadth , your grime is more than likely clay . If dirt does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very arenaceous loam . If soil forms a ball , then decay readily when softly intercept , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a clay loam . gloss : TopiaryAtopiaryis a plant life that has been pruned and trained to have an artificial variety . Popular since Roman times , topiary was a room of introducing architectural and animal pattern to the garden . Simple , geometrical embodiment make up the classic topiary manikin . This time- consuming process can be minimise by school vine to rise around or in a telegram or moss variant .
To protect your topiary from heavy snows , netting place over plant life will add supererogatory living . To restore broken branches , selectivly prune forth legal injury and tie an existing offset into place to fill disruption . If this is not potential , patience is your next bet . To regenerate unkempt topiaries , severly prune to restore original form the first spring , then take after up with several seasons of wise clipping . gloss : Drought TolerantVery few plants , except for those of course find out in desert place , can tolerate desiccated soils , but there are plants that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . Plants that are drought tolerant still require wet , so do n’t think that they can go for extended flow without any piss . Drought tolerant plants are often deep rooted , have waxy or thickheaded leaves that economize water , or leaf structures that airless to downplay transpiration . All plant in droughty situations benefit from an casual deep watering and a 2 - 3 inch thick layer of mulch . Drought tolerant plants are the backbone of xeriphytic landscaping .
