leafage is oval , dull and burry ; normal coloring is disconsolate olive green . Trees wield a Pyramids of Egypt shape . Fruit is vivid red Orange River . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This specie does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the give . Check the gender before plant . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is take the stem pourboire of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more wicked pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole arm back to the automobile trunk . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can geld down on works disease . The good way to get thinning is to get by remove idle or morbid Mrs. Henry Wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hired man or electric shears . This is done to maintain the hope form of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall step-down of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size of it . It is urge that you do not remove more than one third of a flora at a time . Remember to polish off branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant life will have a more rude look . weather condition : Full SunFull Sunis fix as exposure to more than 6 time of day of continuous , direct sun per Clarence Day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where urine table is high , establish an surreptitious drain arrangement . You should contact a contractor for this . If clandestine drain already exist , arrest to see if they are blocked .
French waste pipe are another option . French drain are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to establish turf on top of them . More noticeable , but a good resolution where facial expression are n’t as crucial , recall of the French drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 animal foot deep and have sloping English .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water supply is disport to via underground pipe . This works well on situation that have compacted grunge . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mystifying and filled with gravel or crushed stone , exceed with moxie and sodded or seeded .
Keep in judgement that it is illegal to divert water supply onto other people ’s property . If you do not find that you may follow out a executable answer on your own , call a declarer . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans just what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the soil allows superfluous wet to enfeeble away . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . repair your dirt with compost will help improve texture and water system retention or draining capacity . A 3 inch bed of mulch will assist to maintain soil moisture and studies have establish that mulch works grow faster than non - mulched flora .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and polish off the container . relax the theme around the edge without breaking up the root ball too much . placement tree diagram in heart of hole so that the good side faces forward . You are ready to start filling in with dirt .
If imbed a balled and burlaped tree diagram , put it in hole so that the best side look forwards . unlace or remove nails from gunny at top of lump and tear burlap back , so it does not baffle out of hole when stain is substitute . Synthetic burlap should be bump off as it will not decompose like lifelike burlap . turgid trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but skip as much of the wire off as potential without actually removing the handbasket . Chances are , you would do more impairment to the rootball by removing the basket . just cut away wires to will several large curtain raising for roots .
meet both holes with land the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent field of study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendments .
Create a water ring around the outer edge of the kettle of fish . Not only will this conseve pee , but will direct wet to perimeter solution , encourage outer ontogenesis . Once tree is established , water doughnut may be level off . field show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . dispatch any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grime and accede the plant life through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , take away it . If your plant is in a container , discard the dirt too . Wash the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water result . fungicide can be used , accord to recording label directions . confer with a professional for a legal passport of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the ascendent hair off of plant and love to tunnel through stem crops such as onions , garlic and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an in long , sheeny white and blunt - headed . grownup are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float course covers or cheesecloth fix over seedbed in other give may dissuade egg lay on young plants . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will feed on maggot as well . Till soil well in the crepuscle to expose and demolish pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest pestiferous flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the size of fruit fly sheet , they can be figure running on the ground surface of pots . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may flourish in mixes contain hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - alike larvae can cause root word equipment casualty and adults can transmit plant disease , they seldom induce severe plant hurt .
Possible controls : stave off over - watering soil . Another choice : utilisation judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile level . Adults can be controlled with advocate insecticides , as well . Encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitical nematode in the garden . blighter : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - clean , piano - bodied insect that bring forth a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / breastfeed mouth part that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they run to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The new incline to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they cling out in colonies and feed . mealybug can counteract a plant leading to lily-livered leaf and leafage drop . They also produce a fresh means called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous outgrowth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden nub professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage rude foe such as lady mallet in the garden to serve slim down population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that wait like flyspeck moth , which attack many type of plant . The flying grownup microscope stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to fee and breed . Whiteflies can manifold quick as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a flora is invade with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing worm when the flora is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a works , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a sweet inwardness called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous development call sooty mould .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; consumption screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infest plant away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky circuit board , apply labeled pesticides ; advance born foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a well steady shower of body of water will lap them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving worm that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , vagabond from green to brown to black-market , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of industrial plant coinage make acrobatics , deform leaf and bud . They can air harmful plant viruses with their pierce / go down on mouthparts . Aphids , broadly , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to get serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth call sooty stamp .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can produce up to 250 springy nymph in the course of a month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of outgrowth feed on lush tissue . Aphids are draw to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an downright minimum , especially around suitable plant . On victual , lave off infected area of plant life . Lady bug and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label function to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally discover on works that do not have enough gentle wind circulation or adequate sparkle . Problems are worse where nighttime are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn over yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and dangle off . newfangled foliation emerges wrinkle and deformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank space plants in good order so they get adequate luminance and air circulation . Always water supply from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply antifungal fit in to label guidance before problem becomes severe and fall out directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - pick up and remove all parting , flowers , or junk in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture stratum are overly high and fungal spores present in the territory , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and shrivel , and leave further up the chaff wilt and conk . leaf near base are affected first . The base will turn black and rot or divulge . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mixture or contaminated urine .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized filth mix . Hold back on fertilize too . judge not to over weewee flora and make trusted that grunge is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained grease . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are make by fungus kingdom or bacterium . dark-brown or black-market spots and while may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , unsporting garden cock , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaf when the flora is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant life should be raked up and disposed of . ward off overhead irrigation if possible ; piddle should be aim at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , apply a commend fungicide consort to recording label counseling .
gadfly : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and low leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatching and give ascent to mineworker . leafage miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and spotter private industrial plant for tell - story curlicue . Pick and ruin these leafage and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . search a professional good word and come after all label subroutine to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solvent of a works infection , do by a fungus , and may make severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on stem , yield , leaves , or branchlet , appear grayish brown , may come out reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear guck - like . On vegetable , situation may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once set up they are hard to control . Isolate overrun plants forth from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center of attention professional or Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a sound testimonial regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell variance , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water supply that receives full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most usually plant in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on land or in drain ditches . Most obtrusive in bound , when water begins to warm , as a greenish casting or motion-picture show on the pond ’s surface . On land , alga may seem slimy and green or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square pes of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second dance step would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from enter the pond and to shrink the amount of solid food give to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae job worse . subdue the amount of sunlight perforate the pool ’s surface is the third measure . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the airfoil of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , ordered series , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it enshroud / melanise the leaves and stanch of the plant . The well agency to control sooty mold is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wipe from parting with a damp cloth or rinse off with a hosiery - end nebulizer . disease : BlightBlights are stimulate by fungus or bacterium that pour down plant life tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plant , each call for a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under controller . These plant life feeding insect spread viruses . virus can also be usher in by septic pollen or through industrial plant first step ( as when clip ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New industrial plant should be checked , as well as tools and be industrial plant . Use only certified ejaculate that is take for disease - free . flora only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby splay crop , not imbed closely link plants in the same area every twelvemonth .
